1. ÇöÀç¿Ï·áÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í ¾²ÀÓ»õ
ÇöÀç¿Ï·á´Â °ú°Å ¾î´À ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼ ºÎÅÍ ÇöÀç±îÁöÀÇ µ¿ÀÛ, »óÅÂÀÇ "¿Ï·á, °æÇè, °è¼Ó, °á°ú"¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù. Áï, ÇöÀç¿Ï·á´Â °ú°Å¿Í ÇöÀ縦 ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â ½ÃÁ¦·Î¼, °ú°ÅÀÇ ÀÏÀÌ ÇöÀç ±îÁö ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ¾¹´Ï´Ù. Áï, ÇöÀç ¿Ï·á´Â ¢¥°ú°Å + ÇöÀ碥ÀÌÁö¸¸, ÇöÀ縦 ´õ Áß½ÃÇÏ´Â ½ÃÁ¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·³ ¾Æ·¡ µÎ ¹®Àå¿¡¼ Áö±Ý µ¿±¼ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ´©±¸Àϱî¿ä? °õÀÏ ±î¿ä? ¿©¿ìÀϱî¿ä? a. The bears have been in the cave for three days. b. The foxes were in the cave for three days. a ¹®ÀåÀ» ÇØ¼®ÇÏ¸é ¢¥°õµéÀÌ 3ÀÏ µ¿¾È µ¿±¼ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¢¥. ¾îÁ¦ÀÎÁö ¿À´Ã ¸î ½Ã°£ ÀüÀÎÁö °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¡À» ¸í±âÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, °õµéÀÌ °ú°ÅÀÇ ÇѽÃÁ¡ ºÎÅÍ ÇöÀçÀÎ Áö±Ý ±îÁö Á× µ¿±¼ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿©±â¼ Æ÷ÀÎÆ®´Â haveÀε¥ have´Â ÇöÀç½ÃÁ¡°ú Á־ º¹¼öÀÓÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¹®¹ý¼º Á¶µ¿»çÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×³É Áö±Ýµµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °Å ¾Ë¸°´Ù°í º¸½Ã¸é µË´Ï´Ù. b¹®ÀåÀ» ÇØ¼®Çغ¸¸é, ¢¥¿©¿ìµéÀº 3ÀÏ µ¿¾È µ¿±¼¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù¢¥ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áï, °ú°Å ÇÑ ½ÃÁ¡ºÎÅÍ °ú°ÅÀÇ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑ ½ÃÁ¡ ±îÁö ¿©¿ìµéÀÌ µ¿±¼ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ¡°Áö±ÝÀº ¸ô¶ó¡°¶ó´Â ¶æÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áï, ¿©¿ìµéÀÌ °ú°Å µ¿±¼ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏÁö ÇöÀç ¾ø´Â °ÍÀº ±×´ÙÁö Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â ¸»ÀÌÁÒ. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ °ú°Å »ç½Ç¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡ÀÌ ¸ÂÃß¾îÁ® ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦¸¦ ¾¹´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ Ã³·³, ÇöÀç¿Ï·á ½ÃÁ¦´Â °ú°Å¿Í ÇöÀç°¡ ¼·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í °ú°Å º¸´Ù´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ »óż³¸íÀ̳ª °Á¶¶ó´Â Á¡ ÀØÁö ¸¶¼¼¿ä. ¿©±â¼ ÁÖÀÇÇÒ Á¡Àº ÇöÀç ¿Ï·á´Â ÇöÀç »ç½ÇÀÌ ´õ Áß¿äÇÔÀ¸·Î °ú°ÅÀÇ ÀÏÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦ ÀϾ´Â°¡¸¦ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ½Ã°£ºÎ»çµéÀÎ when, ago, yesterday, last µî°ú °°Àº ¸»°ú´Â ÇÔ²² ¾µ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. (Àü Æí¿¡¼µµ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù)
I have lost my cell phone yesterday. ( X ) -> I lost my cell phone yesterday ( O ) When have you seen him? ( X ) -> When did you see him? ( O ) I have seen him last month. ( X ) -> I saw him last month. ( O ) 2. ÇöÀç¿Ï·á ½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ ÇüÅÂ
ÇöÀç¿Ï·áÇüÀº -> have (has) + °ú°ÅºÐ»ç (p.p) ·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÕ´Ï´Ù. have / hasÀÇ ±¸ºÐÀº ÇöÀçÀÏ ¶§, ÁÖ¾îÀÇ ´Ü º¹¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù. A. ÇöÀç ¿Ï·á ½ÃÁ¦ ÇüÅ I / You / We / They have worked. He / She / it has worked. B. µ¿»ç º¯È ¿¹ live - lived - lived, talk - talked ? talked, send - sent ? sent, tell - told - told see - saw ? seen, do - did ? done, come - came - come, run - ran - run cut - cut -cut, put - put - put 3. ÇöÀç ¿Ï·áÀÇ ±â´É
©ç °è¼Ó: °ú°ÅºÎÅÍ ÇöÀç ±îÁö °è¼Ó ~ ÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ÁÖ·Î since, for µî°ú ÇÔ²² ¾´´Ù. - She has played the piano for 10 years. We have lived here for two years. She has know him since 2010. ©è °æÇè: °ú°ÅºÎÅÍ ÇöÀç±îÁö ~ÇØ º» °æÇèÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ever, never, before, once µî°ú ÇÔ²² ¾²ÀÓ. Tom has never seen snow. I¢¥ ve seen th movie before. I¡¯ve never seen such beautiful eyes as yours. ©é ¿Ï·á: °ú°Å¿¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ÇöÀç¿¡ ¿Ï·áµÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°Å³ª °ú°Å ¿Ï·áµÈ ÀÏ·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÇöÀçÀÇ »óŸ¦ °Á¶ÇÒ ¶§ ¾´´Ù. just, already, yet, now µî°ú ÇÔ²² ¸¹ÀÌ ¾´´Ù. I¢¥ve just eaten lunch. Mary has already done her homework. ©ê °á°ú: °ú°Å¿¡ ~ÇÑ °á°ú ÇöÀç ~ÇÏ´Ù. Nancy has gone to Thailand. I¢¥ve lost my cell phone. * Nancy has been to Thailand. (´Ù³à¿Â °æÇèÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù) 4. ÇöÀç¿Ï·á ºÎÁ¤¹®, Àǹ®¹® ¸¸µé±â ©ç ºÎÁ¤¹® (have ¶Ç´Â has ¹Ù·Î µÚ¿¡ notÀ» ºÙÀÓ) a. They have not (=haven¢¥t) arrived at the airport. b. Tom hasn¢¥t read novel.
©è Àǹ®¹® a. Nancy has been to Canada. -> Has Nancy been to Canada? b. Have you finished the work? -> Yes, I have. No, I haven¢¥t c. Where have you been? d. How long has he worked here? ÇöÀç ¿Ï·á´Â ÀÏ»ó»ýȰ¿¡¼ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾²´Â ¿ë¹ýÀÌ´Ï ²À ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¼¼¿ä. ƯÈ÷, ÅäÀͽÃÇè µî °¢Á¾ ¿µ¾î½ÃÇèÀ» ÁغñÇϽŴٸé, µè±â¿¡µµ ¸¹ÀÌ ³ª¿À±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸ð¸£½Ã¸é ½ÃÇè Ä£´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹«¸ðÇÏ´Ù°í ¸»¾¸µå¸®°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù. Ç×»ó ±âº»ÀÌ ÅºÅºÇØ¾ß ¹¹µç ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
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